BENTUK BUMI BULAT ATAU DATAR:
SEBUAH STUDI TEOLOGI ALKITAB TERHADAP BENTUK BUMI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63276/jurnalrai.v2i2.94Keywords:
Biblical cosmology, Chug, Raqia, Old Testament, Flat earth, Historical-Critical HermeneuticsAbstract
The debate over the shape of the Earth, whether spherical or flat, has remained a subject of continuous discussion in many fields, including theology. This study seeks to analyze the biblical portrayal of the Earth's shape in Old Testament writings, particularly through a hermeneutical approach combining historical-critical analysis and semantic study of key Hebrew terms such as ḥug and raqia. The research adopts a qualitative method grounded in literature review, using the Bible as the primary source and supplemented by references from biblical theology and ancient cosmology. The findings indicate that Old Testament cosmology consistently portrays the Earth as a fixed entity surrounded by a dome-shaped firmament, with the separation of waters above and below. These results suggest that, within the cultural and faith context of ancient Israel, the flat-earth model served as the conceptual framework shaping theological understandings of creation. This research is expected to enrich theological and hermeneutical discourse on biblical cosmology while offering a fresh perspective for dialogue between faith and science.
Downloads
References
Aderin Pocock, Maggie. Star Finder A Step by Step Guide To Night Sky. New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2017.
Admiranto, A. Gunawan. Eksplorasi Tata Surya. Bandung, 2016.
Akbar, Reza, and Riza Afrian Mustaqim. “Problematika Konsep Bentuk Bumi Dan Upaya Mencari Titik Temunya Dalam Penentuan Arah Kiblat.” Shar-E: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Hukum Syariah 6, no. 1 (2020): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.37567/shar-e.v6i1.205.
Alexander, T. Desmond, and David Baker. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch (A Compendium of Contemporary Bibical Scholarship). Journal of Theological Studies. Vol. os-II, 2003.
Ardian, J, Albi Kustaman, Ramadhani, and A Rahmat. Benarkah Bumi Itu Datar? : 100 Klaim Bukti Ilmiah Menurut Flat Earth Society Dan Bantahannya. Vol. 1. Yogyakarta: narasi, 2017.
Ardianto, Didit, and Harry Firman. “Apakah Teori Bumi Datar Dapat Dipandang Sebagai Realita?” Journal of Science Education and Practice 1, no. 1 (2017): 67–78. https://doi.org/10.33751/jsep.v1i1.383.
BibleWorks LCC. “BibleWorks 10. Versão 10.0.4.114.” LLC: BibleWorks, LLC, 2015.
Birch, Jonathan. “God’s Philosophers: How the Medieval World Laid the Foundations of Modern Science , by James Hannam .” Reformation & Renaissance Review 11, no. 2 (2009): 235–37. https://doi.org/10.1558/rrr.v11i2.235.
Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. “The Brown-Driver-Briggs-Gesenius A Hebrew and English Lexicon of The Old Testament: With an Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic,” 1907, XIX+1127. https://hbionline.org/research/images/brown-driver-briggs.pdf.
Brueggemann, Walter. “Genesis: Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching.,” n.d. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cn6s4z.
Brueggemann, Walter, William H Bellinger, and William H Bellinger. “Disruptive Grace: Refl Ections on God, Scripture, and the Church,” n.d.
“C O MM E N T A R Y G E N E S I S ת י ש א ר ב,” n.d.
Cahyo, Putro. Klaim Serius Bumi Datar. 1st ed. SukaBumi: CV Jejak, 2018.
Enns, Paul. The Moody Handbook of Theology: Revised and Expanded. Edited by Chilianha Jusuf and Christine L.W. Emma. 10th ed. Vol. 6. Malang: Literatur SAAT, 2016.
Grudem, Wayne. “Systematic Theology - An Introduction to Bible Doctrine,” 2000, 1–1123.
Harper, Prudence O. “Ancient Near Eastern.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 53, no. 3 (1995): 20. https://doi.org/10.2307/3258785.
Hitler, Adolf, and Golden Gee. Mein Kampf. 1st ed. Reich Jerman: Franz Eher Nachfolger Gmbh, 2000.
Indonesia, Lembaga Alkitab. Alkitab Terjemahan Baru - New International Version. Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia, 2002.
Irwin, Brian P. “‘Ruth, History of Interpretation.’ In Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry, and Writings, Edited by Tremper Longman III, and Peter Enns, 693–700. Downers Grove, IL: Inte...,” no. December (2022).
Jonar S. Kamus Alkitab & Theologi. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2016.
Jonar Situmorang. Kamus Alkitab Dan Teologi. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset, 2016.
Jones, Charles W. The Flat Earth. Thought. 1st ed. Vol. 9. Depok: Pt Bumi Media, 1934. https://doi.org/10.5840/thought19349255.
LAI. Alkitab. Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia, 2008.
Lewandowsky, Stephan, Gilles E. Gignac, and Klaus Oberauer. “Erratum: The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science(PLoS ONE 8:10(E75637) 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0075637).” PLoS ONE 10, no. 8 (2015): 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134773.
Lindeboom, A. Pengantar Alkitab Perjanjian Lama. Yogyakarta: Angkasa, 2016.
McCroskey, Robert D. Theologi Sistematis. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kabar kekudusan, 2004.
Middleton, J RIchard. “The Liberating Image? Interpreting the Imago Dei in Context.” Christian Scholars Review 24, no. 1 (1994): 8–25.
Nail, Thomas. Ancient Cosmology IV. Being and Motion, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190908904.003.0023.
National Geographic. “Earth Is Not Flat,” 2019. https://blog.education.nationalgeographic.org/.
Nurkholis. “Analisis Naratif Toleransi Beragama Pada Film Bumi Itu Bulat,” 2023.
Reynolds, F. S., and Wayne Horowitz. “Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 121, no. 1 (2001): 131. https://doi.org/10.2307/606753.
Rowbotham, and Samuel Birley. Zetetic Astronomy Earth Not a Globe. London: Global Grey, 1881.
Sanders, James A., K. Elliger, and W. Rudolph. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Journal of Biblical Literature. Vol. 98. German: Verkleinerte Ausgabe, 1979. https://doi.org/10.2307/3265771.
Seeley, Paul H. “The Firmament and the Water Above: Part II: The Meaning of ‘The Water Above the Firmament’ in Gen 1:6–8.” Westminster Theological Journal 54 (1992): 33–.
Seely, Paul H. “The Firmament and the Water Above.” The Westminster Theological Journal 53 (1991): 227–240.
Waltke, Bruce K., and M. O’Connor. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Abbreviations and Sigla, 1990. https://www.areopage.net/PDF/waltke.pdf.
Yudowidoko, Didik Wahyudi. Primakata Mutiara Cerdik Cendekia. Edited by Din Mulyidin. Jakarta: Penerbit Abdi Pertiwi, 2004.
Zakwandi, Rizki, and Rizka Anjani. “Teori Bumi Bulat Dan Hipotesis Bumi Datar Resume,” 2018. https://www.academia.edu/download/56065599/Hipotesis_Bumi_Bulat_dan_Bumi_Datar.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulistiono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
