PENAFSIRAN AGUSTINUS TERHADAP ROMA 5:12 DAN TRANSFORMASI HAMARTOLOGIS
Keywords:
Hamartology, Augustine, Transformation, Original Sin, Romans 5:12Abstract
Man is God's noblest creation with specific graces, namely free will and reason. However, this free will has led man to sin, believing that all of man has fallen into sin. Originally, man was created in the image of God with a consciousness of transcendence. In Christianity, sin has a contagious force that is difficult to contain. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach to answer research problems with literature sources such as books, journals, and articles. The aim is to provide an overview of how digitization affects the beliefs and practices of Christianity. The transformation of hamartology in early Christianity shows a change in views about sin during the development of Christianity. Early understanding was influenced by Jewish tradition with the Torah as a way of obtaining forgiveness of sins. Augustine saw original sin as coming from Adam and Eve, inherited by every human being. The nature of sin is thought to be rooted in man's free will conditioned to sin. Augustine recognized the importance of free will but stated that human will is conditioned by original sin. Redemption is possible only through God's grace and faith in Christ.
Downloads
References
Alan Jacobs. Original Sin: A Cultural History. USA: HarperCollins, 2008.
Anthony A. Hoekema. Manusia: Ciptaan Menurut Gambar Allah. Surabaya: MOMENTUM, 2008.
Baruch Spinoza. “Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect.” BoD–Books on Demand.
Clair, Craig St. “A Heretic Reconsidered: Pelagius, Augustine, and ‘Original Sin.’” College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University DigitalCommons CSB/SJU. School of Theology and Seminary Graduate Papers/Theses, 2004.
D. Marthin Jones Liod. “The Plight Of Man End The Power Of God.” Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1945.
Doglas J. Moo. The Epistle To The Romans (The New International Commentary On The New Testament). United States of America: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1996.
Ernesto Bonaiuti. “‘The Genesis of St. Augustine’s Idea of Original Sin.’” Harvard Theological Review 10, no. 2 (1917): 159–175.
Gerald Bonner. “Augustine on Romans 5: 12.” Studia Evangelica. Vol. V. The New Testament message; with a cumulative index of contributors to Akademie-Verlag. Oxford, 1965.
———. ST Augustine Of Hippo: Life and Controversies. First. SCM Press Ltd, 1963.
Gerald Bray. “The Story of Original Sin John E. Toews Eugene: Pickwick Publications, 2013. Xii + 132 Pp. Pb. £15, ISBN: 978-1-62032-369-4.” Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology (2013): 362–364.
Hasan Sutanto. Perjanjian Baru Interlinear Yunani-Indonesia Dan Konkordansi Perjanjian Baru Jilid I. Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia, 2006.
Ian A. McFarland. In Adam’s Fall: A Meditation on The Christian Doctrine of Original Sin. Malaysia: Wiley Blackwell, 2010.
John F. MacArthur, JR. Hamartologi : Doktrin Alkitab Tentang Dosa. Malang: Gandum Mas, 2000.
John M. Frame. Systematic Theology An Introduction to Christian Belief. Edited by P & R Publishing, 2013.
Joseph A. Fitzmyer. “"The Consecutive Meaning of EΦ’Ω in Romans 5:12” 39, no. 3 (1993).
Khoe Yao Tung. “Filsafat Pendidikan Kristen: Meletakkan Fondasi Dan Filosofi Pendidikan Kristen Di Tengah Tantangan Filsafat Dunia.” Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi, 2021.
Louis Berkhof. Teologi Sistematika Vol 2 “Doktrin Manusia.” Jakarta: Lembaga Reformed Injili Indonesia, 1995.
Millard J. Erickson. , Christian Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1983.
P. G. Walsh. “Augustine: De Civitate Dei (The City of God): Books VIII and IX” (2012).
Paul Enns. "The Moody Handbook of Theology Jilid 1. Malang: SAAT, 2004.
Paula Fredriksen Landes, Augustine of Hippo 354-430. Augustine on Romans: Propositions from the Epistle to the Romans, Unfinished Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. Chico, CA. : Scholars Press, 1982.
Philip Schaff. Nicene And Post-Nicene Fathers: First Series, Volume III St. Augustine: On the Holy Trinity, Doctrinal Treatises, Moral Treatises. Series I,. Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library, 2007.
R.C.Sproul. Kaum Pilihan. Malang : SAAT, 1996.
Ralph P. Martin. Reconciliation: A Study of Paul’s Theology. Atlanta: John Knox Express, 1980.
Robert Jewet. ROMANS: A Commentary (Hermeneia a Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible). Edited by Eldon J. Epp. Fortress Press, 2006.
Schnelle, and Udo. Apostle Paul His Life and Theology. Edited by Berlin Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. United States of America Scriptural: Baker Academic, 2003.
Thomas van den End. Tafsiran Alkitab Surat Roma. Gunung Mulia, 1995.
William Babcock, Boniface Ramsey. “The City of God (De Civitate Dei)/Introduction and Translation; Augustine, of Hippo, Saint, 354-430.” Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 2012.
William Sanday, Arthur C. Headlam. The International Critical and Exegetical Commentary of The Epistle To The Romans. T&T Clark: Edinburgh, 1977.
Williams Norman Powell. The Ideas of the Fall and of Original Sin: A Historical and Critical Study: Being Eight Lectures Delivered Before the University of Oxford, in the Year 1924, on the Foundation of the Rev. John Bampton, Canon of Salisbury. Edited by Green and Company Longmans. Limited., 1927.
Yohanes Calvin. Institutio (Christianae Religionis) Pengajaran Agama Kristen. BPK Gunung Mulia, 1980.
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli. “Strategi Penelitian Kualitatif Dan Kuantitatif Di Dalam Penelitian Agama.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 4, no. 1 (2020): 28–38.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jeppri Nainggolan, Gesika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.